So about three billion years ago, bacteria evolved a defense mechanism to fight viral infection.

所以大约30亿年前，细菌进化出一种防御机制来对抗病毒感染。

And pneumonia, often triggered by bacterial or viral infections, attacks the alveoli themselves.

肺炎——常常由细菌或病毒感染——会攻击肺泡本身。

Fever and muscle aches are common symptoms for a viral infection.

烧肌肉疼痛是病毒感染常见症状。

Those are caused by a viral infection.

由病毒起。

Viral infection is triggered by a common parasite, the Varroa mite, that spreads rapidly in beehives.

病毒传播是由一种常见寄生虫蜂虱，这种寄生虫能在蜂巢里很快传播开来。

The viral infection can be serious for small children.

这种病毒感染对幼儿可能造成严重影响。

It can be caused by a viral infection or just from yelling too much.

这可能是由病毒感染起，或者只是因为大喊大叫得太了。

Another clue is that an individual's response to viral and bacterial infections might be involved.

另外，个体对病毒细菌感染反应可能也牵涉其中。

The veterinarian said a viral infection caused the marmot's abnormal behavior.

兽医说，病毒感染导致了土拨鼠异常行为。

And die a slow, agonizing death From a viral infection than work with you.

抑或是染上病毒痛苦而挣扎着死掉也你一起工作。

In both cases, you should actually be eating nutrient-rich food, which gives your body the energy to heal itself and increases something called gamma interferon which is essential for your immunity against both viral and bacterial infections.

在这两种情况下，你都应该吃些营养丰富食物，这可以为身体自行治愈提供能量，并增加一种叫做伽马干扰素东西，这是对免疫病毒细菌感染来说必可少。

It's known that salicylates like aspirin are able to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, which might help to explain their involvement in mitochondrial destruction, but it's unclear what relationship exists with viral infection, though there certainly seems to be one.

像阿司匹林这类水杨酸盐化合物能对氧化磷酸化解偶联，即供能通路被阻断，这也许能有助于解释线粒体受损情况，它与病毒性感染也有关系，但是具体联系还清楚。

" Some people are ending up with serious long-term health issues. We need to wake up to this reality and stop trivialising viral infections and understand that they are major drivers of chronic diseases."

“有些人最终会出现严重长期健康问题。我们需清醒地认识到这一现实，再轻视病毒感染，明白病毒感染是慢性疾病主诱因。”

There are a lot of variations of PCR, but let's discuss one that has been used recently for diagnosing a viral infection, specifically, what if you want to diagnose someone with COVID-19.

PCR有很种，我们来主讨论看看最近被用于诊断病毒感染一种，具体而言，如果需诊断某人是否感染了SARS-CoV-2病毒。

Scientists have observed that bromelain has a host of other potential uses too, including as a treatment for osteoarthritis, autoimmune diseases, viral infections, burns, and breast cancer.

科学家观察到，菠萝蛋白酶也有许其他潜在用途，包括作为骨关节炎、自身免疫性疾病、病毒感染、烧伤乳腺癌治疗方法。

Bats are also reckoned to be behind the spread of Ebola and Marburg fevers, which are viral infections as well, though not caused by coronaviruses.

蝙蝠也被认为是埃博拉病毒马尔堡热传播幕后推手，尽管这两种就并是由冠状病毒起，但它们也是病毒感染。

In at least 85% to 90% of cases, patients suffered from an acute viral infection, that spread down the respiratory trait, causing severe tissue damage inside the lungs.

在至少85%至90%病例中，患者都患有急性病毒感染，病毒会扩散至呼吸道，造成肺部组织严重损伤。

A doctor at the National Institutes of Health says, the Arizona republican was treated for a viral infection and is responding positively to brain cancer treatment.

美国国立卫生研究院一名医生说，这位亚利桑那州共党人接受了病毒感染治疗，并积极配合脑癌治疗。

" Innate immunity works at this level, by trying to reduce the viral infection and stop it from getting to the lungs, " he added.

" 先天免疫可以通过试图降低病毒感染并阻止其进入肺部来起作用。"

Conversely, the chromosome may explain why women are less likely to suffer badly from viral infections such as COVID-19, which kills more men.

相反，染色体可以解释为什么女性更容易遭受新冠等病毒严重感染，而这些病毒却导致更男性死亡。